A New York court has summoned India's prime minister to respond to a lawsuit accusing him of human rights abuses.
The civil case before a Manhattan federal court casts a shadow over the Indian leader Narendra Modi's first trip to the US as head of government.
The lawsuit against Mr Modi stems from long-standing allegations that he did not do enough to stop devastating religious riots in his home state of Gujarat in 2002, when he served as chief minister there.
The lawsuit was filed by human rights group American Justice Center on behalf of two unnamed survivors of the violence.
The plaintiffs are seeking monetary and punitive damages for crimes against humanity and extrajudicial killings, and a judgment that Mr Modi's conduct amounted to genocide.
Mr Modi in Gujarat earlier this year "There is evidence to support the conclusion that minister Modi committed both acts of intentional and malicious direction to authorities in India to kill and maim innocent persons of the Muslim faith," the petition said.
Mr Modi was elected prime minister in May.
He arrives for a five-day visit on Friday in New York, where he will speak at the United Nations before heading to Washington for talks with President Barack Obama.
Mr Modi, 64, was denied a US visa in 2005 under the terms of a 1998 US law that bars entry to foreigners who have committed "particularly severe violations of religious freedom".
At least 1,000 people, most of them Muslims, died in a wave of reprisal attacks across Gujarat after a train carrying Hindu pilgrims was set on fire in February 2002.
Critics accuse Mr Modi, who was chief minister of the state from 2001 until this year, of doing too little to stop revenge attacks on minority Muslims.
He denies the accusations and was exonerated in an Indian Supreme Court inquiry in 2012.
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