Gunter Grass, who was widely regarded as Germany's greatest living writer, has died aged 87.
The Nobel-winning author gave voice to the generation that came of age during the horrors of the Nazi era.
Matthias Wegner, spokesman for the Steidl publishing house, confirmed that Grass died on Monday morning in a hospital in Luebeck.
Grass was best known for his first novel The Tin Drum, which was published in 1959.
It was followed by Cat And Mouse and Dog Years which made up what is called the Danzig Trilogy, named after the town of his birth, now the Polish city of Gdansk.
Combining naturalistic detail with fantastical images, the trilogy captured the German reaction to the rise of Nazism, the horrors of the war and the guilt that lingered after Adolf Hitler's defeat
He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1999, with the Swedish Academy praising him as a writer "whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history".
Grass was a prominent political figure and supported the Social Democratic Party for decades.
He opposed the reunification of Germany in 1989-1990 and also expressed concern about the military support Germany gave to Israel against Iran.
In 2012, Grass drew sharp criticism at home and was declared persona non grata by Israel after publishing a prose poem, What Must Be Said, in which he criticised what he described as Western hypocrisy over Israel's nuclear programme and labelled the country a threat to "already fragile world peace" over its belligerent stance on Iran.
Grass' later literary works received mixed reviews at home and abroad, with many questioning whether he had lost his incisive ability to critically comment on the darker side of German history.
He received several honorary degrees, including an honorary doctorate from Harvard University in 1976.
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